Global Cities List - Manila as a Gamma City

GaWC - World
Cities List

Think you live in an important
city? Have arguments with your friends about which city is the best?
Probably not! Well, I do. After all it is important to know what
cities are great to visit and how your hometown baby fairs against
other major cities.

Although there is a general
consensus on which are the leading world cities, there is no agreed
upon roster covering world cities below the highest level. So an
Inventory of World Cities was made up by a team called GaWC Globalization
and World Cities - Study Group & Network
- At Loughborough University in the UK. The inventory of world
cities based upon their level of advanced producer services.
Global service centres are identified and graded for accountancy,
advertising, banking/finance and law. Aggregating these results
produces a roster of 55 world cities at three levels: 10 Alpha world
cities, 10 Beta world cities and 35 Gamma world cities. These are
found to be largely geographically concentrated in three
'globalization arenas', northern America, western Europe and Pacific
Asia.

For Methodology and Taxonomy Click here

A. ALPHA WORLD CITIES (full service world cities)

12: London,
New York,
Paris, Tokyo

10: Chicago,
Frankfurt, Hong Kong,
Los Angeles,
Milan, Singapore

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B. BETA WORLD CITIES (major world cities)

9: San Francisco,
Sydney,
Toronto,
Zurich

8: Brussels,
Madrid, Mexico City,
Sao Paulo

7: Moscow,
Seoul

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C. GAMMA WORLD CITIES (minor world cities)

6: Amsterdam,
Boston, Caracas,
Dallas, Düsseldorf,
Geneva, Houston,
Jakarta, Johannesburg,
Melbourne,
Osaka, Prague,
Santiago, Taipei,
Washington

5: Bangkok,
Beijing, Montreal,
Rome, Stockholm,
Warsaw

4: Atlanta,
Barcelona, Berlin,
Budapest, Buenos Aires,
Copenhagen, Hamburg,
Istanbul, Kuala Lumpur,
Manila, Miami,
Minneapolis,
Munich, Shanghai

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D. EVIDENCE OF WORLD CITY FORMATION

Di Relatively strong evidence

3: Athens,
Auckland, Dublin,
Helsinki, Luxembourg,
Lyon, Mumbai,
New Delhi,
Philadelphia, Rio de Janeiro,
Tel Aviv,
Vienna

Dii Some evidence

2: Abu Dhabi,
Almaty, Birmingham,
Bogota,
Bratislava, Brisbane,
Bucharest, Cairo, Cleveland,
Cologne, Detroit,
Dubai, Ho
Chi Minh City, Kiev, Lima,
Lisbon, Manchester,
Montevideo,
Oslo,
Riyadh, Rotterdam,
Seattle, Stuttgart,
The Hague, Vancouver

Diii Minimal evidence

1: Adelaide,
Antwerp, Arhus,
Baltimore,
Bangalore, Bologna,
Brasilia, Calgary,
Cape Town,
Colombo, Columbus,
Dresden, Edinburgh,
Genoa, Glasgow,
Gothenburg,
Guangzhou, Hanoi, Kansas City,
Leeds, Lille,
Marseille,
Richmond,
St Petersburg,
Tashkent, Tehran, Tijuana,
Turin, Utrecht,
Wellington

GLOBAL CITIES

Well rounded global cities

1. Very large contribution: London and New York Smaller contribution and with cultural bias: Los Angeles, Paris and San Francisco
   
2. Incipient global cities: Amsterdam, Boston, Chicago, Madrid, Milan, Moscow, Toronto

Global niche cities - specialised global contributions

1. Economic: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tokyo
   
2. Political and social: Brussels, Geneva, and Washington

WORLD CITIES

Subnet articulator cities

1. Cultural: Berlin, Copenhagen, Melbourne, Munich, Oslo, Rome, Stockholm Political: Bangkok, Beijing, Vienna
   
2. Social: Manila, Nairobi, Ottawa

Worldwide leading cities

1. Primarily economic global contributions: Frankfurt, Miami, Munich, Osaka, Singapore, Sydney, Zurich
   
2. Primarily non-economic global contributions: Abidjan, Addis Ababa, Atlanta, Basle, Barcelona, Cairo, Denver, Harare, Lyon, Manila, Mexico City, Mumbai, New Delhi, Shanghai