Queers in History - Part 1

Whoever said that queers are nothing but hairdressers and drag queens: must read this repost:

Queers in History

(c)Compiler: Paul Halsall

email: Halsall@murray.fordham.edu



This list may be copied and distributed freely. Suggestions for

corrections and inclusions should be sent to the compiler.



I

This is a list of "Queers" in history. The qualifications for

inclusion on this list are a: that the person be dead, and b: that the person be reputed
to be "queer" and be of interest to modern

lesbian, gays, bisexual, transgendered and queer people.



II

I firmly believe that history is the story [French: "histoire"] we

weave for ourselves from our investigations [Greek: "istoria"]

into the past. Some, most in fact, of the people on this list were

lesbian, gay or bisexual, but with some others the proof is limited, or frankly not
compelling. For some, their "queerness" had little

to do with sexual orientation but with gender transgression. For

still others - the Japanese samurai, Greek and Roman aristocrats - it was not in fact at
all "queer" in their society to take part in

homosexual sex. Some of these people may also not have been

very happy about their queerness. But all these people - modern

"homosexuals", cross-dressers throughout the ages, the socially

comfortable ephebe-lovers of antiquity - are legitimately of interest to *modern* lesbian,
gay, bisexual, transgender [or all-together "Queer"] people as we weave OUR
history and it is the interest of this modern Queer people that is reflected in this list.



There is, of course, no certainty that these people were queer, but

they have all been claimed at various times to have been so.

I have placed a ? before the cases where either we know the claim

is false, or where I think the claim is not very strong. It is certain

that far more queers have been mis-taken as "straights", than

"straights" have been mistaken as "queers".



III

There is a problem with all lists such as this. Here is Wayne R.

Dynes, "Homosexuality: A Research Guide" [New York; Garland,

1987], p182, speaking.:-

"The impulse to draw up extensive biographical lists of notable

homosexuals of the past began with the 19th century homosexual

scholars in German-speaking countries. Parallel tendencies occur

with scholars representing other minority groups, where such lists

seem to function to provide historical witness of the collective

worth of an ostracized group. This "hall of fame" approach has

recently been criticized as skewing homosexual and lesbian history

towards an unrepresentative elite, effacing historical variety and

class differences. The search for famous homosexuals also

provokes a largely fruitless series of debates over whether figures

of the past, such as Socrates or Caesar, were truly homosexual"



I accept Dyne's point as legitimate, but very often we know about

the elite, or we know about no one at all. As we weave our history, all our investigations
are legitimate.



IV

I cannot list all the sources used for the names on this list. Some

were provided by scholars working in particular areas. Many others were drawn from similar
compilations, and still other names from more general historical works. I put together a
very large

bibliography on the history of homosexuality which is available

from the Queer Resources Directory as "history.of.homosexuality".



Here is a list of some of the more used sources



"The Alyson Almanac", [Boston: 1990]

John Boswell, "Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality",

[Chicago: 1980]

Ver. L. Bullough, "Sexual Variance in Society and History"

[Chicago, 1976]

Margaret Cruikshank, ed., "Lesbian Studies: Present and Future"

collected essays [Old Westbury, NY: 1982]

Christine Downing, "Myths and Mysteries of Same-Sex Love"

[NY: 1989]

Wayne R. Dynes, "Homosexuality: A Research Guide"

[New York; Garland, 1987]

Arthur Evans, "Witchcraft and the Gay Counterculture"

[Boston: 1978]

Kent Gerard and Gert Hekma, "The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male

Homosexuality in Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe"

Collected papers, [New York: 1989]

Martin Greif, "The Gay Book of Days" [Secaucus, NJ: 1982]

- over 1000 names

Noel I. Garde, "Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History" [NY: 1964]

- 300+ men

Barbara Grier and Coletta Field, "Lesbian Lives" [Oakland: 1976]

- 60+ women

Brent Hinch, "Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual

Tradition in China", [Berkeley: 1990]

Jonathan Katz, "Gay American History", {NT: 1976]

Sal Licata, ed, "The Gay Past" [Collected Essays], [NY:1985]

Roth, Norman, "Deal Gently with the Young Man: Love of Boys in

Medieval Hebrew Poetry of Spain", Speculum 57 (1982),

pp. 21-50

A.L. Rowse, "Homosexuals in History" [NY:1977]



V

Mostly this is a list of names. Where submitters have provided

more information I have included it, and would be prepared to

add still more comments.



Names are arranged within category in a very rough chronological

order.



VI

I have added some codes to the various names to enhance the list's usefulness.



* = woman

? = before name indicates extremely dubious in my opinion

b. = born

BCE = Before Common Era [Common Era - also known as AD - dates

are unmarked]

c. = circa [i.e. "about']

C = century

d. = died

r. = dates of reign for monarchs



*********************************************

With all these comments taken into account then, and keeping in mind that this is a list
of *reputed* queers, here is the List:-



*********************************************



VERY EARLY INDEED

Adam and Steve

?The Austrian Iceman with semen in his rectum

[this story was the result of a hoax by an Austrian Gay group]



ANCIENT EGYPT

Horus and Seth

Osaris and Seth



Niankhkhnum

and Khnumhotep (c. 2450 BCE)

Two royal officials of the Old Kingdom, buried in a single

tomb. Although each was married with children, reliefs in their joint tomb show them
kissing and embracing in a way usually reserved for married couples. Prudish Egyptologists
tend to claim that they're brothers, but there's no supporting textual evidence and the
representations are all wrong for that. So these guys would be the first queer couple!



King Neferkare Pepy II

and General Sisenet (c. 2300 BCE)

A later (c. 1800 BCE) story has the king sneaking out of the

palace at night to visit the general, who was his lover.



Akhenaten c.1350BCE

and Smenkhkare



Late Antique Egypt:

Arianus (late third/early fourth century CE)

Roman official in Egypt known from literary and

documentary sources. In several Coptic martyrdoms, he is the

prosecuting official who comes on to the male martyrs, talking

about how beautiful they are. He offers to let the martyrs go if

they give in to him, but the martyrs invariably refuse.



*Taese

and *Tsansno (late 4th/early 5th century CE)

Two nuns punished for lesbian activity (apparently with each

other); from paper by T. Wilfong at the recent APA meeting



Papapollo and P-hello (sixth century CE)

Known from the manuscript of a love spell in which Papapollo is

trying to compel the love of P-Hello (both men)



ANCIENT IRAQ

Gilgamesh and Enkidu



ANCIENT GREECE

?All Spartan Men

All Cretan Men

The Sacred Band of Thebes [military regiment] 378-338BCE



Mythical Persons [included for interest's sake - Latin form in
paraentheses]

Zeus (Jupiter)

and Ganymede (sometimes "Catamitus" - origin of word 'catamite']

Poseidon (Neptune)

and Pelops

Apollo

and Admettus

and Hyacinthus [see below]

and Cyparissus

Dionysius (Bacchus)

and Prosymnus

*Artemis (Diana)

and *Callisto

*Athena (Minerva)

and *Pallas

Pan

Achilles

and Patroclus

Heracles (Hercules)

and Hylas

and Iolaus

Theseus

and Pirithous

Damon

and Pythias

Orestes

and Pylades

Thyrsis

and Corydon

Laius (father of Oedippus)

and Chrysippus

Narcissus

and Ameinias

Orpheus (the "first man to love boys")

Hyacinth

and Thamyris

and Zephyrus

and Boreas

Transgendered mythical figures

Hermaphroditus

Cybele

Tiresias

Caenis/Caeneus



Generals, Kings, Leaders

Antyus 4th C BCE

Aristides d.c.468BCE

Dionysius II of Syracuse r.367-353BCE

Alexander of Pherae 369-358BCE

Periander of Ambracia

Solon c.600BCE

Hipparchus of Athens late 6thCBCE

Aristogeiton

and Harmodius 532?-514BCE [Supposed founders of

Athenian democracy]

Alcibiades 450?-404BC

Themistocles c524-c459BCE

and Stesilaos of Keos

Demosthenes 384-322BCE

Archelaus of Macedonia r413-

and Crateas [who killed A.]

Philip II of Macedon 359-336BCE

Alexander the Great 356-323BCE

and Hephasteion



Poets, Writers

*Sappho c.610-c.580BCE

Alceaus c.620-c.580BCE

Meleager c100BCE

Theocritus early 3rd C. BCE

Theognis of Megara early 6th C BCE

Aeschines c390-322BCE

Philostratus 2nd-3rd C BCE

Ibycus 6thC BCE

Anacreon 582?-485?BCE

Pindar of Thebes 518-c446BCE

and Thrasybulus

and Theoxenus

Rufinus

Euripides 485-406BCE

Sophocles 496-406BCE

Agathon c.425CBE

Strato

Achilles Tatius [Greek novelist - wrote _Leucippe and Cleitophon_]

Lucian of Samosata 115-180



Intellectuals

Phraedrus 5thC BCE

Phaedo of Elis 5thC BCE

Socrates 469?-399BCE

Plato 427?-347BCE

Zeno of Citium c333-262BCE [Founder of Stoicism]

Chrysippus c280-207BCE [Stoic philosopher]

Apollodorus c.140BCE [Stoic philosopher]





Ancient Rome

Kings, Emperors, Generals, Political Leaders

Lucius Quinctius Flamininus c180BC

Sulla c.138-78BCE

and Metrobius

Catiline d.62BCE

Julius Caesar 100?-44BCE ["every women's husband, every man's wife]

and Nicomedes, King of Bithynia

Mark Anthony c.82-30BCE

Cicero 100-43BCE [

and Octavian/Augustus b.63-r.27BCE-14 [! -see Marlowe's "Edward II"]

Tiberius r.14-37

Caligula r.37-41(inter alia)

Nero r.54-68

Vespasian r.69-769

Titus r.79-81

Domatian r.81-96

Hadrian r.76-138

and Antinous d.130

Marcus Aurelius r.121-180

Elagabalus r.218-222

[declared one of his male lovers to be his husband]



Poets, Intellectuals

Catullus 84-54BCE

Horace 65-8BCE

Martial 40-103/4

Virgil 70-19BCE

Tibellus 55-19BCE

and Marathus

Ovid 43BCE-17

Juvenal c.early 2ndC CE

Petronius d.65 [wrote the "Satyricon"]

Plautus 250-184BCE

Seneca 4BCE-65



ANCIENT BIBLICAL FIGURES

?The Men of Sodom c.1800BCE [much-disputed story in Gen. 19]

?*Ruth c1100BCE

and *Naomi

David 1035?-960?BCE [see I Sam 19, and II Sam 1:26]

and Jonathan [some dispute on this one]

Daniel the Prophet c.650BCE [eunuch]

The Three Young Men c. 650BCE [eunuchs]

?St. John the Evangelist 1stC CE

?St. Paul 1stC CE

and Timothy



MEDIEVAL EUROPE AND ISLAM

SAINTS

*St Anastasia the Patrician

*St Anna/Euphemianos

*St Apollinaria/Dortheos

*St Athanasia of Antioch

*St Eugenia/Eugnios

*St Hilaria/Hilarion

*St Marina/Marinos

*St Marina (2)

*St Matrona/Babylas

*St. Pelagia/Pelagios

*St. Theodora/Theodorus

*St. Euphrosyne/Smaragdus

*St. Papula of Gaul

*St Thekla

*St Hildegonde of Neuss near Cologne

[all the above women dressed and lived as men, usually monks]

*St Uncumber [a bearded woman saint]

St. Sergius

and St. Bacchus

*St. Perpetua

and *St. Felicity

St. Sebastian

St. Augustine of Hippo 4thC

St. Aelred of Rievaulx early 12C

St. Anselm of Bec late 11C

St. Paulinus of Nola 4thC

and Ausonius



Other Religious Figures

?The Cathars [ala "bougres"]

St. Alcuin 9th century

Gottschalk

Hrbanus Maurus

John, Bishop of Orleans (aka "Flora")

John of Salisbury 1115(or 1120)-1180

and Pope Hadrian IV

Marbod of Rennes

Ralph, Archbishop of Tours 12thC

Venantius Fortunatus

Walafrid Strabo

and Luitger

Baudri of Bourgeuil 1046-1130

Pope Benedict XI 1020-1055

?Pope Boniface VIII b.c.1235-r.1294-1303

[charged with "sodomy" by Philip IV of France]

Pope Julius II

Pope Sixtus IV 1471-1484

[contemporary diarist calims he made his barber a

cardinal, because he was his lover's son!]

Pope Julius III 1487-1555

and the Prevostino

Giovanni della Casa 1503-1557 [prelate and writer]

[Founder of papal Index!]

Sister Benedetta Carlini of Pescia c.1619



Byzantium

Nicephorus I r.802-811

Michael III r.842-867

and Basil I r.867-

?Basil II r.976-1025

Constantine VIII r.1025-1028

Constantine IX Monomachus r.1042-1055



There was a monastery, The Monastery of the Aguares, specifically for eunuchs - the most
well-known Byzantine sexual minority



IBERIA

Moshe ibn Ezra [poet]

Ibn Sahl [poet]

Ibn Sheshet [poet]

Ibn Barzel [poet]

Ibn al-Farra [poet]

Abraham ibn Ezra [poet]

Judah Halevi

King al-Mutamid of Seville 11th C

and Ibn Ammar [poet]

?King John II of Castille r.1406-1454

and Alvaro de Luna [?]

King Henry IV of Castille 1425-r.1454-1474 [called "la Puta" by the people!]

and Gregario Maran~on

Antonio Perez 1535-1611 [Philip II of Spain's Secretary of State]

King Affonso VI of Portugal r.1656-1683

Francisco Correa Netto, c.1664 [Sacristan of Cathedral of Silves, and erotic letter writer
to:-]

and Manuel Viegas [guitarist]

and Juan Pacheco, marquess of Villena



ITALY

Political Leaders

Emperor Frederick II d.1250

King Conradin of Sicily 1252-1268

and Frederick of Baden

Benedetto Varchi

Antonia Loredano

[Venetian Ambassador at Rome]

Filefilo

Politian

Bracciolini

Duke Ferdinand II of Tuscany 18C

Duke Cosimo III of Tuscany 18C

Gian Gastone

Prince Ferdinand

Cardinal Francesco Maria

[for above 5 see Luca Ombresi, "Vita dei

Medici sodomiti" (Florence; 1965]



Figures in the Arts

Donatello 1386-1466

Pietro Aretino 1492-1556

Pomponia Leto 1428-1498

?Niccolo Machiavelli 1469-1527

Andrea Poliziano 1454-1494

Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519

(and Jacopa Saltarelli,

Andrea Salaini,

Francesco Melzi,

Cesare da Sesto,

Giuliano Boltraffio)

Raphael 1483-1520

Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475-1564

and Tommaso Cavalieri

Giovanni Antonio Bazzi "il Sodoma" 1477-1549

Giambattista Marino 1569-1625 [writer]

Caravaggio 1573-1610

Benevenuto Cellini 1500-1571

Tasso 16C [writer]

Niccolo Capasso 17C [Neapolitan dialect poet]

Antonio Rocco mid 17C [wrote and account of gay love

"L"Alcibiade Fanciullo a Scuola" in 1652]



FRANCE

Political Leaders

King Philip II Augustus r.1179-1223

[and Richard the Lionheart - see Britain]

King Charles IX r.1550-1574

King Henry III r.1574-189[and his "mignons":-]

and Mougeron

and Joyeuse

and Epernon

Count of Anjou late 16thC [Henry III's brother]

and Bussy D'Amboise

King Louis XIII b. 1601-r.1610-1643

and Baradas

and Marquis de Cinq-Mars

and Saint-Simon

?Cardinal Mazarin 1602-1661



Others

?The Templars [Religious military order. Suppressed early 14th C]

?Jacques le Mollay, leader of Templars at disolution

Gilles du Rais 1404-1440 [mass murderer]

*St Joan of Arc c.1412-1431

and *La Rousse

and *Catharine de La Rochelle

Moliere 1621-1673

and Michel Baron

Theophile de Viau 1590-1626 [poet]

Jacques Valle des Barreaux 1599-1673 [poet]

Denys Saugin de Saint-Pavin 1595-1670 [poet]

Francois de Metel, Abbe de Boisrobert 1592-1662

[poet and founder of the French Academy]



BRITAIN

Kings, Queens, Political Leaders

King William II Rufus 1056?-1100

Robert, Duke of Normandy late 11th C

William Aethling (Son of Henry I) early 12th C

?King Henry II b.1133-r.1154-1189

and St. Thomas a Becket c.1118-1170 [Very doubtful - but basis of a play by Anouilh]

King Richard I the Lion-hearted b.1157-r.1189-1199

[and Philip II Augustus]

[and Saladin]

and Blondel

and Raife de Clermon

William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely [Justiciar of Richard I] early 13thC

King Edward II 1284-1327

and Piers Gaveston,

then Hugh Dispenser

?King Richard II b.1367-r.1377-1399

Sir Walter Raleigh 1554-1618

King James I & VI 1566--r.(Scotland)1567-r.(England)1603-1625

and Lord Hay

and Robert Carr

and George Villiers, Earl of Buckingham

The Earl of Castlehaven mid-17thC



Others

Nicholas Udel 1505-1556

Christopher Marlowe 1564-1593 [first creator of lists of Queers!]

?William Shakespeare 1564-1616

Richard Barn(e)field 1574-1627

Lord Southampton 16C

Earl of Oxford 16C

Charles Arundel 16C

Francis Bacon 1561-1626 [scientist]

Anthony Bacon 1558-1601



Elsewhere in Europe

Hoelderin

Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536 [humanist]

and Servatius Roger

and William Blount, Lord Mountjoy

Theodore Beza 1519-1606 [Calvin's successor at Geneva]

and Audebert

Jerome Duquesnoy 1602-1645 [Flemish Sculptor]



ISLAM

Abu Nawas d.810 Arabian Poet

Caliph Muhammad al-Amin 9th Cent CE

Saladin 12th century [Ruler of Egypt and Syria]

Omar Khayyam [Persian Poet - wrote "Rubbayat"]

Ibn al-Farid 1182-1235 [poet]

Ibn Khaldun [historian]

Mehmet II al Fatih 1430-1881 - Conqueror of Constantinople 1453





MODERN EUROPE [post 1700]



BRITAIN

Political Leaders

King William III b.1650-r.1689-1702

*Queen Anne 1665-1714

and *Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

Lord Hervey 1696-1733[George II's minister]

and Stephen Fox

and Francesco Algoretti

Horace Walpole 1717-1797 [first Prime Minister]

John Wilkes 1725-1797 [radical politician]

Alexander Carlyle late 18C [Scottish churchman]

Charles Townshend late 18thC [politician]

Sir Hector McDonald 1853-1903 [general]

Viscount Esher 1857-1930 [general]

Early Beauchamp 1872-1938 [leader Liberal Party 1924-1931]

General Charles Gordon 1833-1885

Horatio Herbert Kitchener 1850-1916

Robert Baden Powell 1857-1941[founder of Boy Scouts]

Roger Casement 1864-1916

*Christabel Pankhurst

Tom Driberg MP {Baron Bradwell] 1905-197?

Duke of Kent [Brother of King George V]

Jeremy Thorpe [alive?] [leader Liberal Party - 1970s]

*Maureen Colquhoun MP [alive?]

Lord Louis Mountbatten [Admiral and Viceroy of India] 1900-1971

Lord Avon, [minister in Margaret Thatcher's first administration]



Poets, Writers

*Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

and *Anne Wortley

*Anna Seward

and *Honora Sneyd

Thomas Gray] 1716-1771 [Poet

and Norton Nichols

and Bonstetten

Mark Akenside 1722-1770 [poet]

and Jeremiah Dyson 1722-1776

Horace Mann 1701-1786

John Chute 1701-1776

William Beckford 1759-1844

and William Courtney

William, Viscount Courtney 1773-1833 [same as above?]

*Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797

and *Fanny Blood

Lord (George Gordon) Byron 1788-1824

and Lord Clare

and John Eddleston

and Nicolo Giraud

Richard Heber 1773-1833 [book collector]

Horatio Brown 1856-1926 [writer on Venice]

Cardinal John Henry Newman 1801-1890[writer and Catholic convert]

and Fr. Alfred Lord Tennyson 1809-1892[poet]

Gerard Manley Hopkins 1844-1889 [poet and Jesuit]

Edward Carpenter 1844-1929 [social reformer]

John Addington Symonds 1840-1893

Walter Pater 1839-1894 [art critic]

Norman Douglas 1868-1952 [writer]

Algernon Swinbourne 1837-1909 [poet]

AC Benson [writer]

EF Benson [writer]

Robert Hugh Benson [writer]

James Barrie 1860-1937 [wrote "Peter Pan"]

Frederick Rolfe, Baron Corvo 1860-1913 [writer]

Lawrence Houseman 1865-1959 [social reformer]

Oscar Wilde 1894-1900 [writer and wit]

and Lord Alfred Douglas

Andre Raffalovich [dilletante]

and Canon John Gray [poet and priest]

*Vera Britten [writer]

and *Winnifred Holtby [writer]

Roden Noel 1834-1894 [minor poet]

Marquis of Lorne 1845-1914

James Elro Fletcher 1884-1915 [poet]

and J.D. Beazeley 1885-1970 [classical scholar - Greek vases]

James Agate 1879-1947

Hugh Walpole 1884-1941 [writer]

DH Lawrence 1885-1930 [writer]

T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia) 1888-1935 [writer and soldier]

and Salim Ahmed [Dahoum] [see dedication of "Seven Pillars"]

?Robert Graves [in early life at least!] [writer]

WH Auden 1907-1973 [poet]

Duncan Grant

E.M. Forster 1879-1970 [writer]

Denton Welch [writer]

Evelyn Waugh 1903-1966 [writer]

Saki (H.E. Munro) 1870-1916 [short story writer]

Wilfred Owen 1893-1918 [poet]

Siegfried Sassoon 1886-1967 [poet]

Harold Nicolson 1886-1982 [writer and politician]

Somerset Maugham 1874-1964 [writer]

and Gerald Haxton

*Radclyffe Hall [writer - The Well of Loneliness]

and *Una Troubridge

*Virginia Woolf 1882-1941 [writer and feminist]

and *Vita Sackville-West [gardener]

*Violet Trefusis

*Mary Renault 1905-1983 [writer]

and *Julie Mullard

Joe Orton 1933-1967 [writer]

and Kenneth Halliwell d.1967

A.E. Housman 1859-1936 [poet]

and Moses Jackson

Forrest Read 1875-1947 [writer]

Stephen Tennant

Harold Acton ["Antoine" in Waugh's _Brideshead Revisited_]

Robin Maugham [writer]

Christopher Isherwood 1904-1986 [writer]

and Don Bachardy [still alive] [artist]

Noel Coward 1899-1973 [writer and actpr]

J.R. Ackerly [writer]

Lytton Strachey 1880-1932 [biographer]

James Kirkup [alive?] [poet]

Robert Croft-Cooke [writer]

Laurence Olivier 1907-198?[actor]

[and Danny Kaye - see N.America]

Dirk Bogarde [-] [actor and writer]



Musical Figures

Arthur Sullivan 1842-1900 [composer]

Benjamin Britten 1913-1976 [composer]

and Peter Pears 1910-1986 [tenor]

Ivor Novello 1893-1951 [composer]

Brian Epstein 1934-1967 [manager]

and ?John Lennon [singer]



Other

Andrew Baxter 1688-1750 [Scottish/Dutch moralist]

*Marianne Woods early 19thC

and *Jane Pirie [Edinburgh school teachers]

The Ladies of Llangollen

C.J. Vaughn c.1850 [headmaster at Harrow]

Sir Richard Burton 1821-1890 (19th Century Explorer and Writer)

Sir Edmund Backhouse 1873-1944

[Sinologist]

Charles Ricketts 1866-1931 [artist]

and Charles Shannon 1863-1937 [artist]

Henry Tuke 1859-1929 [artist]

Goldsworthy Dichinson 1867-1932 [academic - Kings College]

Ronald Gower 1845-1916 [architect]

John Maynard Keynes 1883-1946 [economist]

*Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 [nurse]

William John Bankes, d. 1855. Dorset MP and early Egyptologist and major collector of
Egyptiaca (The family estate still has the obelisk he brought from Egypt). Caught messing
around with soldiers in public lavatories twice (1833, 1841); after the last incident, he
went to Venice, where he died. [See (of all places) Neil Bartlett, "Who was that man?
A

Present for Mr Oscar Wilde" (London: Serpent's Tail, 1988), pp. 58-59; although
there's

better documentation elsewhere]

Alan Turing [breaker of Nazi Enigma code]

Guy Burgess [Spy for USSR - subject of film "Another Country"]

and Tolya

Francis Bacon d1993 [Painter]

Aleister Crowley [witch]

Derek Jarman 1942-1994 [film maker]

*Dolly Wilde 1899-1941 [Oscar's niece, A "wit"]

Lord Montagu [subject of famous trial in 1950's]

Cecil Beaton [photographer]

Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889-1951 [philosopher]



?All students at Eton since its foundation!

?All students at Harrow 1456-1917, 1923-69!





GERMANY/AUSTRIA

Political Leaders

Frederick II the Great of Prussia 1712-1786

and Hans von Katte

Prince Henry of Prussia 1726-1802 [suggested as King of America!]

King Ludwig II of Bavaria 1845-1886

Friedrich Krupp 1854-1902 [industrialist]

Kaiser Wilhelm II 1859-1941 [r.1888-1918]

and Prince Philippe zu Eulenberg 1847-1921

Colonel Alfred Redl early 20C [Austrian double agent]

Ernst Roehm [Nazi leader]

Rathenau [German forein Minister at Versailles 1919]

Wilfed Israel 1899-1944 [opponent of Nazis]



Cultural Figures

?Ludwig von Beethoven 1770-1827 [composer]

(and nephew ?Karl)

?Franz Schubert 1797-1828 [composer]

J.J. Winckelmann 1717-1768 [art historian]

Count August von Platten 1796-1835 [poet]

and Cardenio/Hoffman

Wilhelm Jansen 1866-1943 [gay activist]

Stefan George 1868-1933 [poet]

and Maximilien Kronberger

Karl Ulrichs 1825-1895 [first person in modern history to acknowldge his homosexuality]

Karol Kertbeny [=Benkert] [Hungarian. Invented the word "homosexual" 1869]

Magnus Hirschfeld 1868-1935 [sexologist]

Baron Hermann von Teschenberg late 19C [transvestite and gay rights leader]

Benedict Friedlaender [gay rights advocate]

*Anna Ruehling late 19C [lesbian feminist]

*Rosa von Braunschweig late 19C [writer and activist]

*Gabriele Reuter [writer]

*Elizabeth Dauthendey [writer]

*E Krause [writer]

George Polck [gay rights advocate]

Dr. Ernest Burchard [gay rights advocate]

Otto Spengler [gay rights advocate]

Dr. George Merzbach [gay rights advocate]

?Rainer Maria Rilke 1875-1927 [poet]

Frida Kahlo

Alexander von Humboldt [explorer and scientist]

Rosa von Praunheim [film maker]

Thomas Mann 1875-1955[writer]

Rainer Werner Fassbinder [film maker]



Other

Ludwig le Gros

and Martin Schultze [both executed 1704]

*Catharina Margaretha Linck and

*Catharina Margaretha Muehhahn c.1721

Baron Ludwig Christian Gunther von Appel c1730





FRANCE

Political Life

Philippe, Duc de Orleans d.1701 [Brother of Louis XIV]

Eugene of Savoy

Louis, Prince of Conde

*Madame Anne-Louise Germaine du Stael 1766-1817

*Marie Antoinette 1755-1793

Violet-Le-Duc

Duc de Nevers

Eugene Sue

?Maximilien Robespierre 1758-1794

and ?Saint Just

Duc Claude de Villiars

?Napoleon I Bonaparte 1769-1821 [emp. 1804-1815]

Jean Jacques Regis de Cambaceres 1753-1824 [designed Code Napoleon]

King Louis XVIII

Daniel Guerin [socialist activist]



Cultural Figures

?Voltaire 1694-1778

Paul Henri Dietrich Thiry, Baron d'Holbach 1723-1789 [philosopher]

Francois Timoleon de Choisy, Abbe de Choisy (1644-1724)

Marquis de Sade 1740-1814

Marquis de Custine 1790-1857 [writer on Russia]

Theodore Gericault 1791-1824 [painter]

*Georges Sand 1804-1876

Comte Robert de Montesquiou 1855-1921 [poet]

Paul Verlaine 1844-1896 [poet]

and Arthur Rimbaud 1854-1891

Camille Saint-Saens 1835-1921[composer]

Jean Cocteau 1889-1963 [writer]

and Raymond Radiguet

Jean Genet 1910-1986 [thief and writer]

*Colette 1873-1954 [writer]

Andre Gide 1869-1951 [writer]

and Athman

and Marc Allegret

*Anais Nin 1903-1977[writer and diarist]

Henri de Montherlant 1896-1971 [writer]

Marcel Proust 1871-1922 [writer]

and Reynaldo Hahn 1874-1947 [musician]

and Alfredo Agostinelli

*Renee Vivien 1877-1909

*Rosa Bonheur 1822-1899

and *Nathalia Micas

Max Jacob 1876-1944 [poet]

Francois Poulenc 1899-1963 [composer]

and Pierre Bernac

*Marguerite Yourcenar 1903-1987 [writer., first woman in French Academy]

Michel Foucault 1926-1984 [philosopher]

Roland Barthes [lit. critic]



RUSSIA

Tsar Alexander I 1777-1825

Nikolia Przhevalsky 1839-1888 [explorer]

Peter Tchaikosky 1840-1893 [composer]

Vaslav Nijinsky1890-1950 [dancer]

and Filosof

and Sergei Diaghelev 1872-1929

Sergei Rachmaninov 1873-1943[composer]

Mikhaill Kuzmin 1875-1936 [poet]

G.V. Chicherin 1872-1936 [politician]

Rudolph Nuryev 1938-1993 [dancer]



Elsewhere In Europe

*Queen Christina of Sweden 1626-1689

and *Ebba Sparre

?Giacomo Casanova 1725-1789 [!]

Ali Pasha c.1744-1822 [Albanian political leader]

?Hans Christian Andersen 1805-1875 [Denmark] writer

Jillis Bruggeman [Netherlands]

[subject of famous sodomy case 1803]

Pontus Wikner 1837-1888 [Swedish philosopher]

Cernuda [Spain] writer

Frederico Garcia Lorca 1898-1936 [Spain] writer

Constantine Cavafy 1863-1933 [Greece] poet

and Anastasiades

Pier Paol Pasolini 1922-1975[Italy] film maker

*Florbela Spanca [Portugal] poet

Baron von Gloeden

*Dona Catalina de Erauso

*Isak Dinesen 1885-1962 [Denmark] writer

Erik Thorsell 1899-1980

[Swedish iron and steel worker who wrote

an autobiography on his gay life]

Karol Szymanowski 1883-1937 [Poland] composer

*?Anne Frank 1929-1945 [Netherlands] diarist

Dag Hammarskjold 1905-1962 [Sweden] UN Sec. Gen.

Pope Paul VI 1897-1976



NORTH AMERICA

Pre-Conquest

[There were among a number of American peoples figures known in general by the French word
"berdache", who were male, but dressed and lived as women. Names

are of course very rare.]

I-coo-coo-a - early 19thC Sioux [Lakota] berdache

Sahaykwisa - c.1850-1895 - Mohave



Political Leaders

?Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, 1661-1724 Governor of New York, 1702-1708

?President George Washington 1732-1799

and Alexander Hamilton [speculative!]

Alexander Hamilton 1755-1804

and John Laurens 1754-1782 [compared each other to Damon and Pythias]

?President James Buchanan 1791-1868

and Sen. William Rufus de Vane King 1786-1853

*Susan B. Anthony 1820-1906

Bayard Rustin 1910-1987 [organizer 1963 March on Washington]

Walter Jenkins 1918-1985

J. Edgar Hoover 1895-1972 [Head of FBI]

and Clyde Tolson 1900-1975

Terry Dolan 1950-1986

Roy Cohn 1927-1986 [McCarthyite lawyer]

*Eleanor Roosevelt 1884-1962 [First Lady and US ambassador to UN] and *Lorena Hickok
[Journalist]



Writers

Henry James 1843-1916

Herman Melville 1819-1891

and Marnoo

and Nathenial Hawthorne 1804-1864

Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862 [see Katz on this]

and Edmund Sewall

*Emily Dickinson 1830-1886

and *Sue Gilbert

Raplh Waldo Emerson 1803-1882

and Martin Gay

Horatio Alger 1834-1899

*Jane Bowles 1917-1973

John Horne Burns [wrote _The Gallery_]

Thornton Wilder 1897-1975

*Sara Teasdale 1884-1933

and *Margaret Conklin

Tennesse Williams 1911-1983

*Jane Chambers 1937-1983

Angelina Weld Grimke 1880-1958

Paul Goodman 1911-1972

*Maraget Fuller 1823-1850

*Lorrain Hansberry 1930-1965

*Gertrude Stein 1864-1946

and *Alice. B. Toklas

*Amy Lowell 1874-1925 {poet]

and Ada Russell

*Charlotte Cushman

and *Emma Stebbins

*Mercedes de Acosta [American?]

*Ivy Compton-Burnett

*Elizabeth Bowen

*Alice James

*Sarah Orne Jewett

*Carson McCullers

*Liane de Pougy [American?]

*Margaret Anderson

*Dorothy Baker

Truman Capote 1924-1984

*May Sarton [alive?]

*Maureen Duffy

*Edith Hamilton

Walt Whitman 1819-1982

James Baldwin 1924-1987

*Willa Cather 1876-1947

and *Isabella McClung

and *Louise Pound

and *Edith Lewis

John Cheever 1912-1882

Hart Crane 1899-1932

Langston Hughes 1902-1967

Alain Locke 1886-1954

and Richard Bruce Nugent

and Countee Cullen

and Claude MCkee

*Audre Lorde 1934-199?

*Edna St. Vincent Millay 1892-1950

Colin Higgins 1941-1988

Robert Ferro

Howard Sturgis 1855-1920 [writer]

*Syliva Beach 1887-1962

and *Andrienne Monnier

Henry Beecher Ward 1813-1887

James Barr [pseud.] [wrote "Quatrefoil"]

Merle Miller 1919-1986

Alan Barnett

George Stambolian

Alan Bray

*Natalie Barney 1876-1972

*Romaine Brooks 1874-1970

and *Djuna Barnes 1892-1982





Hollywood and Broadway

*Tallulah Bankhead

James Dean 1931-1955

*Greta Garbo 1905-198?

Errol Flynn 1909-1959

Cary Grant

James Whale 1896-1957

Rock Hudson 1925-1985

Charles Laughton 1889-1962

Sal Mineo

George Cukor 1899-1983

Charles Ludlam

Danny Kaye

Bill Sherwood [directed "Parting Glances"]

Luchino Visconti 1906-1976

Kenneth Anger

Montgomery Clift 1920-1966

Rudolph Valentino 1895-1926

Richard Burton

Parker Tyler

*Alla Nazimova [Nancy Reagan's Godmother!]

Raymond Burr d.1993



Music

Divine [drag diva]

Ma Rainey 1886-1939 [singer]

Bessie Smith 1898?-1937 [singer]

Liberace d.1987 [pianist]

Alberta Hunter 1895-1984

Leonard Bernstein 1918-199? [composer]

Aaron Copeland 1900-199? [composer]

Stephen Foster 1826-1864

Samuel Barber 1910-1981 [composer]

and Gian Carlo Menotti [alive]

*Janis Joplin [pop singer]

Cole Porter 1892?-1964 [song writer]

Sylvester [disco diva]



Other Arts

Charles Demuth 1883-1935 [painter]

Paul Cadmus [alive?]

Andy Warhol 1927-1987 [artist]

David Wojnoricz [artist]

Alvin Ailey [dancer]

Keith Haring [artist]

Robert Maplethorpe [photographer]



Lesbian and Gay Activists

Earl Lind [aka Ralph Wether/Jennie June] c.1895

Henry Gerber [founder of Chicago Society for Human Rights, 1924]

Rev, JohnT Graves

Al Meininger

Ellsworth Booher

Fred Panngburn

John Sather

Henry Teacuter

[all the above were openly on the board of the SHR in 1924]

Harvey Milk 1930-1978

Leonard Matlovich

Vito Russo d.199?

Bob Rafsky d.1993 [ACT UP/NY]

Dan Bradley 1940-1988



Other

Richard Cornish, d.1624 [executed for
"sodomy"]

Willaim Plaine, executed 1646

Jan Creoli, executed 1646 [Both Black]

and Manuel Congo

*Deborah Sampson c.1782-97

Lieut. Frederick Gotthold Enslin, courtmartialled 1778

*Sarah Edgerton c. 1839-1846

and *Luella Case

Edward McCosker, 1846 [Gay NY city policeman]

James Snow, charged 1873

and Willard Smith

*Alice Mitchell

and Freda *Ward [Murdered by Mitchell 1892]

*Anne Bonny

*Dr. Mary Walker 1832-1919 [Doctor, lesbian and transvestite, known as "the most
distinguished sexual invert in the United States]

and *Belva Lockwood

*Nicholas de Raylan, c. 1906 [lesbian transvestite]

*Mary Read

Jeffery Withers [writer of gay love letters, 1826, to]

and Jim Hammond

George Santayana 1863-1952 ["philosopher"]

Morton Fullerton 1865-1952 {journalist]

Edward Perry Warren 1860-1936 [conniseur]

*Helen Carey Thomas [President of Btyn Mawr]

and *Mary Gwinn

*Mary Wolley [President Mout Holyoke]

and *Jeanette Marks

Stark Young, c.1915 [Professor at Amherst, persecuted by Robert Frost]

*Margaret Mead 1901-1978

Cardinal Francis Spellmann 1889-1967 [Archbishop of New York]

Cardinal Terance Cooke [Archbishop of New Yorl] [see various biogs. of Roy Cohn]

*Dorothy Thompson 1893-1961

William Tilden 1893-1953 [athlete]

Thomas Waddel 1938-1987 [founder Gay Games]

Randy Shilts 195?-1994 [journalist]

Lexander Woolcott 1887-1943 [Journalist]

Sal Licata [historian]

*Pat Bond

*Amelia Earhart 1898-1937?



---[I have little information on the following Areas. All suggestions welcome]



EAST ASIA

China

Kwan-Yin - the Chinese female Boddhisattva of Compassion, was the male Bodhisatva known as
Avalokitesvara in India.

Chinese Christians sometimes use images of Kwan Yin to

represent the Virgin Mary

There were gay marriages in the Fujian province and Lesbian marriages in the Guangdong
region. No names though [See Bret Hinsch, "Passions of the Cut Sleeve"]



-Chou Period

Duke Ling of Wei r.534-493BCE

and Mizi Xia

The King of Wei

Lord Long Yang



The Ten Han Emperors [with "favorites"]

Emperor Gao r.206-195BCE

and Jiru

Emperor Hui r.194-188BCE

and Hongru

Emperor Wen r.179-141BCE

and Deng Tong

and Zhao Tan

and Beigong Bozi

Emperor Jing r.156-141BCE

and Zho Ren

Emperor Wu r.140-87BCE

and Han Yan

and Han Yue

and Li Yannian

Emperor Zhao r.86-74BCE

and Jin Shang

Emperor Xuan r.73-49BCE

Zhang Pengzu

Emperor Yuan r.48-33BCE

and Hong Gong

and Shi Xian

Emperor Cheng r.32-7BCE

and Zhang Fang

and Chunyu Zhang

Emperor Ai r.6BCE-1CE

and Dong Xian



Pei Kai 237-291

Yu Xin 513-581

and Wang Shao

Zhang Hanbian c.265-420

and Zhou Xiaoshi

Emperor Jianwen c.550

Emperor Xizong r.874-889

and Zhang Langgou

Emperor Wuzong r.1506-1522

Emperor Shenzong r.1573-1620

Emperor Xizong r.1621-1628

Emperor Pu Yi - the last Qing [Manchu] emperor

- subject of film "The Last Emperor



Many members of the Peking Opera under the

Chi'ing [Manchu] dynasty were homosexual.



Japan

There was a cult of male love [man-older youth] in
premodern Japan, especially among the samurai classes. This means that virtually all
pre-modern Japanese men of a certain class may be assumed to have been "queer"
in modern terms.



Yukio Mishima 1925-1970 [novelist]





SOUTH ASIA

Lord Shiva/Shakti

Krishna



Emperor Babur b.1483-r.1526-1530

and Baburi

[Barbur wrote a very informative autobiography!]

Sarmad 17th C [Jewish convert to Islam, Great Sufi mystic poet]

Amar Khan 18th century

Ramakrishna 1836-1886





AFRICA

[See Ancient Egypt at head of the list. Otherwise I have, so far, not been able to
discover the names of any African queers. Please do not tell me about Simon Nkoli, who is
still very much alive as far as I am aware. All contributions wrt Africa will be added
immediately. I suspect the Muslim kingdoms of East Africa might prove happy hunting
grounds, but I lackexpertise in that area, and a monograph has not been written]



"Gay" Shamans existed amongst the following peoples

Bantu peoples in general

Kwanyama

Ovimbundu [N. Angola]

Kimbundu [N. Angola]

Lango [Uganda]

Konso [S. Ethiopia]

Cilenge-Humbi

Barea-Kunama [NE Africa]

Korongo [NE Africa]

Mesakin [NE Africa]



In Madagascar the *tsecats* were sacred male transvestites



*In Morocco there were sacred Lesbians called Sahacat in the late 15C



LATIN AMERICA

[Still pretty lacklustre in terms of total numbers. Somebody

should know of many more queers here.]



Febronio Indio do Brasil, wrote "Revelations of the Prince of Fire"

Cazuza [Brazilian singer]

Lauro Corona [Brazilian actor]

Adolfo Caminha 1867-97 [Brazilian writer]

Virgilio Pin~era: 1912-1979 [Cuban author]